Additionally, if cosmetic concerns arise-such as misaligned teeth or discoloration-your dentist can discuss potential aesthetic treatments that could improve both appearance and self-esteem. Regular check-ups post-emergency are recommended to monitor healing progress and address any lingering issues promptly. Take time to understand how each treatment works and what outcomes you can expect.
Typically, this involves providing personal identification like a driver's license or passport and any relevant medical or dental insurance details. Easy access to public transport links or parking facilities is another factor to consider when choosing a dentist. Sustain Regular Dental Check-UpsFinally, while home care is vital, it doesn't replace regular visits to the dentist for professional cleanings and examinations every six months-or as recommended by your dental provider in Bromley based on individual needs. Educating patients about maintaining good oral hygiene practices ensures that any enhancements remain effective long-term. Bring along a notepad if you'd like to jot down advice from your dentist for future reference. These methods can help calm nerves and create a sense of control over your body's response to stressors associated with dental visits. They offer a variety of treatments designed to improve the appearance of teeth, such as teeth whitening, veneers, and bonding. Finding Dentists Offering Invisalign in BromleyIf you're considering this innovative orthodontic solution, you'll be pleased to know that several dentists in Bromley offer Invisalign as part of their services.
Discussing pain management techniques during consultations is crucial for easing these fears. General Dentistry FeesFor more involved treatments like fillings and extractions, patients can expect higher fees. How to Find the Best Dentist in Bromley for Your NeedsResearch and RecommendationsFinding the best dentist in Bromley begins with thorough research. Consider factors such as the dentist's experience, specialties, office hours, and location convenience. Look for clinics that have trained staff members skilled in administering various forms of sedatives safely and effectively while adhering strictly to professional guidelines set by relevant health authorities. The result is not only functionally robust but also visually seamless when integrated into one's existing set of natural teeth. Laser DentistryDentists in Bromley are increasingly incorporating laser technology into their practices owing to its versatility and efficiency.
A series of custom aligners are then fabricated to gradually move your teeth into alignment over time. If you have previous dental records or X-rays from another practitioner, it's helpful to arrange for these documents to be sent over prior to your visit. It's also beneficial to check if they are members of professional associations like the British Dental Association (BDA), which can be an indicator of their commitment to staying updated with industry standards. A Collaborative Approach with ParentsPediatric dentistry in Bromley emphasizes collaboration between dentists and parents. Check local listings or community centers for upcoming events in your area. Emphasizing Preventive CareWhile the primary focus is often on corrective procedures, cosmetic dentists in Bromley also emphasize the importance of preventive care. Preparing for Your Emergency AppointmentOnce you've identified where you'll receive care, preparing for your appointment helps ensure effective treatment.
Your dentist may even be able to spot signs of systemic diseases during an exam, providing crucial early intervention opportunities. Whether you're looking for routine check-ups, cosmetic procedures, or specialized treatments like orthodontics, knowing what you require is crucial. Bromleys Clinics provide various cosmetic dentistry options that can be discussed during routine visits-from teeth whitening to orthodontic consultations-all aimed at improving self-confidence through a healthier-looking smile. Professional cleanings help keep your teeth looking their best by removing surface stains caused by coffee, tea, or smoking habits common among many individuals in Bromley. Look for Special Offers and DiscountsMany dentists in Bromley run special promotions or offer discounts on certain treatments. Through careful monitoring and collaboration with other healthcare professionals if needed, they play a pivotal role in ensuring both your oral and general health are maintained at optimal levels. In contrast, private dentists typically offer more flexible scheduling options, reducing wait times significantly.
Best restaurant. If you don’t mind Colonial overtones (it celebrates the British Raj), Indian restaurant Tamasha, near Bromley TC, serves excellent, if rich, Indian food. And if you eat too much to move, it doubles up as a hotel too.
Visit the PracticeBefore making your final decision, visiting the dental practices on your shortlist can be highly beneficial. Specialized Treatments for Young PatientsDentists in Bromley are equipped to handle an array of specialized pediatric procedures. On average, a routine check-up may cost between £20 and £50, while a professional cleaning might range from £40 to £80. These measures not only help in preventing decay but also allow early detection of potential issues that could become problematic if left unchecked. Attend Community Health EventsBromley occasionally hosts community health events where residents can access free or low-cost medical services, including dental check-ups. Emergency Dental Services in Bromley: What You Need to KnowUnderstanding Emergency Dental ServicesDental emergencies can occur at any time, often without warning. Locating Emergency Dentists in BromleyBromley hosts several reputable dental practices offering emergency services. Look for clinics with positive reviews, particularly those that mention patient comfort and staff friendliness. How to Get Affordable Dental Care in BromleyResearch Local Dental ClinicsWhen seeking affordable dental care in Bromley, it's beneficial to start by researching local dental clinics.
Communicate Your ConcernsOpen communication with your dentist is crucial. Recognizing the severity of your situation is crucial in determining whether you need emergency assistance or if it can wait for a regular appointment. Regular Self-ExaminationsConduct regular self-examinations to monitor any changes or abnormalities in your mouth that might require attention before your next appointment with a Bromley dentist. Stay Alert for Any ChangesBe proactive about noticing changes within your mouth such as bleeding gums, persistent bad breath, or sudden sensitivity to hot or cold stimuli. Dentists in Bromley prioritize patient comfort while diagnosing the problem and recommending appropriate treatments. Modern equipment not only enhances diagnostic accuracy but also improves treatment efficiency. Technology and ComfortThe level of technology used by a dental practice can significantly impact your family's experience during visits. Aesthetic BenefitsBeyond health considerations, regular dental check-ups contribute to maintaining a bright and confident smile.
At Bromleys Clinics, skilled dental hygienists use specialized tools to remove plaque and tartar buildup effectively. Treatment OptionsWhen it comes to treatment options, NHS dentists are limited to providing necessary procedures that fall under specific categories of care. Clear aligners are custom-made for each patient and gradually shift teeth into place without drawing attention during social interactions. A conveniently located clinic in Bromley will make attending appointments easier without conflicting with work or personal commitments. Whether you're looking for routine check-ups, emergency treatments, or cosmetic procedures like teeth whitening or veneers, ensure the practice provides comprehensive care. During these visits, dentists can identify potential issues before they become serious problems. Understand what services are covered under your insurance plan if applicable; this can greatly influence out-of-pocket expenses. Read about the best Oral Health Advice Bromley Consider your specific needs when evaluating potential options.
Improving Oral FunctionalityBeyond aesthetics, cosmetic dentistry also aims to improve oral functionality. Many clinics operate on weekends or have extended hours during weekdays. Some also provide 24-hour helplines for guidance and support until you can reach the clinic. This includes understanding what documentation you'll need to bring along. NHS dental practices often experience high demand, which can result in longer waiting periods for non-urgent treatments. For those without insurance, consider looking into affordable plans that cover basic treatments while offering discounts on other services. Cost Considerations and InsuranceFinally, it's essential to consider the financial aspects of choosing a dentist in Bromley. Online review platforms such as Google Reviews or Yelp can also shed light on patient satisfaction and the overall reputation of dental practices in the area.
Look for signs such as unusual sores, red or swollen gums, or persistent bad breath that doesn't improve with good oral hygiene practices. Try to limit sugary snacks and drinks, as they can lead to tooth decay over time. Boosting Self-EsteemIn Bromley, cosmetic dentists play a pivotal role in boosting their patients' self-esteem. Fillings typically cost anywhere from £50 to £150 depending on the material used and the tooth's location. Patients benefit from its ability to restore minor imperfections effortlessly while maintaining harmony within their overall smile aesthetics-a testament to its popularity among residents seeking subtle yet impactful enhancements in Bromley. How to Choose a Family Dentist in BromleyIdentifying Your Family's Dental NeedsChoosing a family dentist in Bromley involves understanding the specific needs of your household. Choose a mouthwash containing fluoride for added protection against cavities.
Instead, focus on consuming foods rich in calcium and phosphorus like dairy products, nuts, and leafy greens which help strengthen tooth enamel. Materials such as zirconia or ceramic are being favored over metal alloys due to their enhanced compatibility with human tissue. How to Maintain Oral Hygiene Between Visits to a Bromley DentistDaily Brushing and FlossingMaintaining oral hygiene is crucial to prevent dental issues between dentist visits. What is Sedation Dentistry and Is It Available in Bromley? Additionally, check if they offer flexible hours including evenings or weekends for those with busy schedules. Regular follow-up appointments also ensure that any adjustments needed are made promptly while reinforcing good oral hygiene practices moving forward.
Preventive Measures and EducationBromleys Clinics emphasize preventive care as an essential aspect of their service. However, patients opting for private care might benefit from various payment plans or insurance options that make advanced or cosmetic treatments more affordable over time.
Recognizing these signs ensures that you seek timely assistance to address your dental health needs.
Pay attention to how the staff interacts with patients and whether they are known for being compassionate and accommodating-especially important traits when dealing with children or anxious individuals. It helps in reducing apprehension and pain awareness while allowing dentists to perform multiple treatments in one appointment efficiently. This can result in an enhanced patient experience with potentially better outcomes for complex procedures. It's important to find a practice that offers a broad range of services, including preventive care like cleanings and check-ups, orthodontics for teenagers, and cosmetic or restorative treatments for adults. Pediatric Dentistry Services for Children in BromleyComprehensive Pediatric Dental CareIn Bromley, pediatric dentistry services are tailored to meet the unique needs of children at every stage of their development.
Checking Credentials and ExpertiseOnce you've narrowed down your list, it's crucial to verify the credentials and experience of each dentist. Is Invisalign Right for You? Patients benefit from the convenience of removable trays that do not interfere with eating or oral hygiene routines. Caring for Your Teeth Post-EmergencyAfter receiving emergency care, following your dentist's instructions is essential for optimal recovery.
It's crucial to have an open discussion with your Bromley dentist about your specific needs and concerns so that they can recommend the best course of action tailored specifically for you. Schedule Your First AppointmentAfter successfully registering with your chosen dentist in Bromley, it's time to schedule your first appointment. For those with sensitive gag reflexes or difficulty sitting still for extended periods, this technique can be particularly advantageous. Convenience and AccessibilityLocation is another crucial factor when choosing a family dentist in Bromley.
Veneers are a pricier option for smile makeovers; they generally start at about £400 per tooth. Understanding Dental CostsWhen considering dental services in Bromley, it's important to recognize the variety of treatments available, each with its own price range. What is Invisalign and Can I Get It from Dentists in Bromley? These practices aim to provide a calm environment where patients feel at ease throughout their visit.
By maintaining regular appointments with a Bromley dentist, you not only protect your teeth but also contribute positively to your general well-being. Check their office hours as well; flexible scheduling options such as evening or weekend appointments can make it easier for everyone in the family to attend without disrupting work or school commitments. Depending on the severity of the issue, follow-up appointments may be necessary to ensure complete recovery. Reputation and RecommendationsBefore selecting a family dentist in Bromley, investigate their reputation within the community. Consider the ages and dental requirements of each family member, from young children who may need pediatric care to adults and seniors with more complex dental issues. Maintaining good oral hygiene practices helps prevent future emergencies and ensures long-term oral health stability.
Whether it's preventive care like cleanings or restorative procedures such as fillings or crowns, each option will come with its own set of benefits and timelines. Understanding Costs and InsuranceNavigating costs can be challenging without proper guidance. Availability and AccessibilityIn Bromley, numerous dental practices offer emergency services outside regular office hours to ensure patients receive timely attention during critical situations. Personal experiences often provide valuable insights that you might not find online. The levels of sedation can range from minimal, where the patient is awake but relaxed, to deep sedation, where the patient is on the edge of consciousness but can still be awakened if necessary.
This modern approach to straightening teeth offers a discreet alternative to traditional metal braces. Lasers offer the advantage of reduced pain, minimized bleeding during procedures, and faster healing times compared to traditional methods. If you're unsure about the specific services you might need, consider making a list of any dental issues you've experienced in the past. Smoking increases the risk of gum disease and tooth loss while alcohol can erode enamel due to its acidity level. Look for practices that offer competitive pricing and are conveniently located.
Drinking plenty of water throughout the day also helps wash away food particles and keeps saliva production high. Start by researching local dental practices online, reading reviews, and asking for recommendations from friends or family members who live in the area. Regular visits allow dentists to educate patients about effective strategies to maintain oral health between appointments. Understanding Sedation DentistrySedation dentistry refers to the use of medication to help patients relax during dental procedures. Additionally, check local community forums and social media groups where residents share their healthcare experiences.
| Bromley | |
|---|---|
Bromley town high street
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|
 Bromley
Location within Greater London
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| Population | 87,889 [1] |
| OS grid reference | TQ405695 |
| • Charing Cross | 9.3 mi (15.0 km) NW |
| London borough |
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| Ceremonial county | Greater London |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | BROMLEY |
| Postcode district | BR1, BR2 |
| Dialling code | 020 |
| Police | Metropolitan |
| Fire | London |
| Ambulance | London |
| UK Parliament | |
| London Assembly | |
Bromley is a large town in Greater London, England, within the London Borough of Bromley. It is 9+1⁄2 miles (15 kilometres) southeast of Charing Cross, and had an estimated population of 88,000 as of 2023.[2]
Originally part of Kent, Bromley became a market town, chartered in 1158.[3] Its location on a coaching route and the opening of a railway station in 1858 were key to its development and the shift from an agrarian village to an urban town. As part of the growth of London's conurbation in the 20th century, Bromley Town significantly increased in population and was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1903 and became part of the London Borough of Bromley in 1965.[4] Bromley today forms a major retail and commercial centre.[5] It is identified in the London Plan as one of the 13 metropolitan centres of Greater London.[4]
Bromley is first recorded in an Anglo-Saxon charter of 862 as Bromleag and means 'woodland clearing where broom grows'.[6][7] It shares this Old English etymology with Great Bromley in eastern Essex, but not with the Bromley in the East End of London.[8]
The history of Bromley is closely connected with the See of Rochester. In AD 862 Ethelbert, the King of Kent, granted land to form the Manor of Bromley. In 1185 Bromley Palace was built by Gilbert Glanvill, Bishop of Rochester.[6] Pilgrims came to the town to visit St. Blaise's Well.[6] The Palace was held by the Bishops until 1845, when Coles Child, a wealthy local merchant and philanthropist, purchased Bromley Palace and became lord of the manor. The town was an important coaching stop on the way to Hastings from London, and the now defunct Royal Bell Hotel (just off Market Square) is referred to in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice. It was a quiet rural village until the arrival of the railway in 1858 in Shortlands, which led to rapid growth, and outlying suburban districts such as Bickley (which later overflowed into Bromley Common) were developed to accommodate those wishing to live so conveniently close to London.[9][6]
Bromley, also known as Bromley St Peter and St Paul, formed an ancient parish in the Bromley and Beckenham hundred and the Sutton-at-Hone lathe of Kent.[10] In 1840 it became part of the expanded Metropolitan Police District. The parish adopted the Local Government Act 1858 and a local board was formed in 1867. The board was reconstituted as Bromley Urban District Council in 1894 and the parish became Bromley Urban District. It formed part of the London Traffic Area from 1924 and the London Passenger Transport Area from 1933.[11] In 1934, as part of a county review order, the borough was expanded by taking in 1,894 acres (766 hectares) from the disbanded Bromley Rural District; an area including parts of the parishes of Farnborough, Hayes, Keston and West Wickham. Bromley became part of the newly created Greater London in 1965, in the new London Borough of Bromley.
Bromley forms part of the Bromley and Biggin Hill Parliament constituency. The current MP is Peter Fortune. Thomas Turrell is the London Assembly member for the Bexley and Bromley constituency, in which the town is located. This post was previously held by Fortune.
Bromley's most prominent MP was the former Conservative prime minister, Harold Macmillan.
Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb". (Marine West Coast Climate/Oceanic climate).[12]
Bromley is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan.[13] Bromley had one of the highest gross disposable household incomes (GDHI) in the UK, at £27,169 in 2018.[14]
Bromley was ranked fourth in Greater London by Retail Footprint in 2005, behind the West End, Croydon and Kingston upon Thames.[15] Bromley competes with both Croydon and the Bluewater centre in Dartford as a shopping destination.[5]
The town has a large retail area, including a pedestrianised High Street and The Glades centre, the main shopping mall, which has a catchment of 1.3 million people.[16] Development at the nearby St. Mark's Square has seen further restaurants and a cinema established.
Bromley High Street is also the location for the Bromley Charter Market, which runs on a Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. King John granted a charter for the Market to be held every Tuesday in 1205, with Henry VI revising this charter to every Thursday in 1447.[17][18] The Market sells food and confectionery items, clothing and other goods like jewellery.
Bromley is served by two main rail stations. Bromley South provides National Rail services to London Victoria (non stop, semi fast via Denmark Hill and stopping services via Herne Hill), London Blackfriars via Catford, Orpington, Sevenoaks via Swanley, Ramsgate via Chatham, Dover Priory via Chatham & Canterbury East and to Ashford International via Maidstone East.
Bromley North provides shuttle services to Grove Park, where onward connections can be made for services to London Charing Cross & London Cannon Street via Lewisham.
Finally, Shortlands railway station serves primarily residential areas immediately southwest of the town centre. Being one stop west of Bromley South, Southeastern and Thameslink services connect the station to London Victoria and London Blackfriars.
Bromley is served by London Buses routes 61, 119, 126, 138, 146, 162, 208, 227, 246, 261, 269, 314, 320, 336, 352, 354, 358, 367, 638, N3, N199, SL3 and SL5. These connect it with areas including Beckenham, Bexley, Bexleyheath, Biggin Hill, Catford, Chislehurst, Croydon, Crystal Palace, Downham, Elmers End, Eltham, Grove Park, Hayes, Lee Green, Lewisham, Locksbottom, Mottingham, New Addington, Orpington, Penge, Petts Wood, Sidcup, West Wickham & Westerham.
Since May 1929, Bromley has had an annual festival of "dance, drama and comedy" in and around the town's venues.[19] The South London Film Festival has been hosted annually in Bromley since 2022.
The large open spaces have lent themselves to outdoor concerts, festivals and outdoor screenings, as well in the venues such as Norman Park,[20] Hayes Farm, Beckenham Place Park[21] and Croydon Road recreation ground.[22]
Bromley has a number of theatres in the borough, in the town centre there are three, a professional, the Churchill Theatre, an amateur, the Bromley Little Theatre (close to Bromley North railway station) and an outdoor amphitheatre located in "Church House Gardens" behind the Churchill theatre.
The Churchill Theatre was opened on 19 July 1977 by the Prince of Wales, and seats 781.[23] It is run on a contract currently held by HQ Theatres Ltd acting as both a receiving and producing house, with productions transferring to the West End or touring nationally. An example being recent tours of Club Tropicana The Musical.
Bromley also has a central library in the same building as the Churchill Theatre with a large book stock, Internet and wifi access, reference library and local studies department. It functions as the central library of the broader Bromley Borough Libraries Service.
Bromley Picturehouse was opened in June 2019 in the previous Empire theatre. The cinema closed on 1 August 2024.[24]
Vue Cinemas own a nine-screen cinema, which is part of the Bromley South Central scheme at St Mark's Square, opened on 28 November 2018.[25]
Bromley has its own team of Morris dancers, The Ravensbourne Morris Men, founded in 1947 as a post-war revival team following an inaugural meeting at the then Jean's Café, which was located opposite Bromley South Station.[26]
Bromley Civic Society is a civic society for the historic centre of Bromley.[27] It is a founder member of Civic Voice. It seeks to educate the public about the community's history and to preserve historical sites.
In the famous Monty Python "Spam" sketch Bromley was stated to be the location of the fictional Green Midget Café, where every item on the menu was composed of spam in varying degrees.[6] In another Monty Python sketch, it was stated that all seven continents are visible from the top of the Kentish Times building in Bromley.
The Bromley Contingent was the name given to the entourage that followed the Sex Pistols and helped popularise the punk movement. It was so called because many of its members were from Bromley, some of whom later became famous as musicians in their own right, like Siouxsie Sioux and Billy Idol.[6]
The 2018 humorous film, The Bromley Boys is set in Bromley and surroundings in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Based on a real-life memoir by Dave Roberts about following Bromley F.C., it includes many scenes filmed locally, although Crockenhill F.C. was used as a substitute for the Hayes Lane stadium.[28]
Guitarist Billy Jenkins, born in Bromley, released an album titled "Sounds like Bromley" in 1982 and another in 1997 titled "Still Sounds Like Bromley". In a BBC Radio 3 interview he said that "if Kent is the Garden of England then Bromley is one of the compost heaps". He then moved to Lewisham.
Local news is provided by the Bromley Times.
The town has three Non-League football clubs, and one League Two club. Bromley F.C. play their home games at the Hayes Lane Stadium; as did Cray Wanderers F.C. from 1998 until 2024. The latter club is claimed to be the oldest football club in what is today Greater London.[29] The other teams, Holmesdale F.C. and Greenwich Borough F.C., play at Oakley Road. Bromley F.C. are the only professional team in Bromley and play in League Two after being promoted from the National League in 2024.[30]
Five rugby clubs in Bromley are, Old Elthamians RFC (a National League 2 side),[31] Park House FC (established in 1883),[32] Bromley RFC (founded in 1886),[33] Beckenham RFC (established in 1894),[34] and Beccehamians RFC (founded in 1933) which plays competitive rugby at Sparrows Den at the bottom of Corkscrew Hill in nearby West Wickham.[35]
Bromley Cricket Club was founded in 1820,[36] but evidence of cricket being played in Bromley dates to 1735.[37] Bromley CC has a significant success record, with 9 Kent Cricket League championship titles to their name.[38] Bromley field four senior teams. Three compete in the Kent Cricket League (a designated ECB Premier League[38]) and one plays in the British Tamil Cricket League.[39] They also have an established junior training section that play competitive cricket in the North Kent Junior League.[40]
Bromley has numerous schools, and is home to Bromley College of Further & Higher Education. There are two specialist Media Arts Schools, Hayes School and The Ravensbourne School. Bishop Justus School is a specialist Music College. It also has the Ravens Wood and Darrick Wood Schools. There are many independent schools within the London Borough of Bromley, including Eltham College (in the nearby area of Mottingham – within the borough of Bromley and near the London Borough of Lewisham) and Bromley High (situated in the nearby area of Bickley - also within the borough of Bromley).
Bromley town as a whole, including the surrounding area, its neighbourhoods and villages, is formed of six wards for the 2021 census:
The 2021 U.K. census reported the entire borough of Bromley overall had a population 329,991.[46]
The life expectancy in Bromley Town ward (which covers the town centre) was 79.3 years for males and 83.7 years for females, during 2009–2013. The highest in the town were in Shortlands: 86.1 years for males and 88.1 years for females. The lowest for both genders was in Plaistow and Sundridge: 77.5 and 82.1 years respectively.[47]
| Bromley Town (ward only) 2021[48][49] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethnic group | % | Population | ||
| All usual residents | 100.0 | 15,396 | ||
| White | 70.1 | 10,802 | ||
| Asian | 12.8 | 1,969 | ||
| Black | 7.4 | 1,137 | ||
| Mixed, Multiple | 6.7 | 1,031 | ||
| Other ethnic group | 3.0 | 457 | ||
In Bromley Town, 18.5% of the population was of minority ethnicity. The highest in the town was 19.3% in Plaistow and Sundridge, and the lowest was 8.3% in Hayes and Coney Hall.[47]
The median house price in Bromley Town ward was £327,000 in 2014, compared to £295,444 in Plaistow and Sundridge, and £480,000 in Bickley. 37% of houses in Bickley were detached, more than other wards. In all wards, over 60% of houses were owned by households, peaking at 88.2% in Hayes and Coney Hall.[47] In 2020, the average cost of a house was £519,619.[50]
The parish church of St Peter and St Paul stands on Church Road. It was largely destroyed by German bombing on 16 April 1941 and rebuilt in the 1950s incorporating the medieval tower and reusing much of the flint and fragments of the original stone building.[51] The most noteworthy historic building is Bromley College, London Road. The central public open spaces are; Queen's Gardens, Martin's Hill, Church House Gardens, Library Gardens and College Green.
Another parish church in Bromley is St Mark's, which stands on Westmoreland Road. The present church is the third. The first was built as a temporary iron church in 1884 to cope with Bromley's growing population, on land slightly to the east of the present church, donated by a local man Eley Soames. The road name St Mark's Road preserves the rough location of the former site.[52]
The second church was built in brick and stone on the present site, and designed by Evelyn Hellicar, son of the then vicar of St Peter and St Paul's. It was completed in 1898 in the Perpendicular Gothic style and consecrated by William Walsh, Bishop of Dover, on 22 October that year. The tower, though, was not completed until 1904. Like St Peter and St Paul's, St Mark's was heavily damaged in the London Blitz of 1941. Only the tower survived intact.[52]
On 3 June 1952, the Duchess of Kent laid the foundation stone of the present church, which was designed by T W G Grant and built by David Nye. Besides the tower, other parts of the fabric of the original church were used in the rebuilding. Inside there are some interesting monuments: to Samuel Ajayi Crowther, John Cole Patteson and Vedanayagam Samuel Azariah, who were all bishops in the Commonwealth.[52]
The East Street drill hall was completed in 1872.[53]
Hughroy Currie
Based in London, Currie had his first professional fight in February 1981, a win over Mick Chmilowskyi. After an undistinguished start to his professional career in which he won only three of his first eight fights, a run of five straight wins led to a challenge for the Southern Area title against Funso Banjo; Banjo won on points over ten rounds.
Currie then travelled to the United States where he won both his fights, and in September 1985 he fought Banjo once again, this time for the British heavyweight title after David Pearce was forced to vacate; Pearce had KO'd Currie in a British amateur bout and Currie stated he was relieved not to face Pearce. Currie won a 12-round points decision against Banjo to become British champion. His next fight was an eliminator for the Commonwealth title against Proud Kilimanjaro, which he won over 10 rounds. He lost his British title at the first defence to Horace Notice in April 1986, Notice winning by a 6th-round TKO. Currie won four of his next 5 fights, including a 2nd-round knockout of Glenn McCrory, leading to another shot at the then vacant British title against Gary Mason; Mason won by a fourth-round knockout.
Currie then fought Derek Williams in December 1989 for both the Commonwealth title and the vacant EBU European title; Williams won by a first-round TKO. That proved to be Currie's final fight and he retired from boxing.
Author H. G. Wells was born in Bromley on 21 September 1866, to Sarah and Joseph Wells; his father was the founder of the Bromley Cricket Club and the proprietor of a shop that sold cricket equipment.[54] Wells spent the first 13 years of his life in Bromley. From 1874 to 1879 he attended Tomas Morley's Bromley Academy, at 74 High Street.[55] There was a 'H. G. Wells Centre' in Masons Hill near the southern end of the High Street which housed the Bromley Labour Club (the building was demolished in 2017).[citation needed] In August 2005, the wall honouring Wells in Market Square was repainted; the current wall painting features a rich green background with the same Wells reference and the evolutionary sequence of Homo sapiens featured in Origin of Species by Charles Darwin, a former resident of nearby Downe Village.[56]
Wells wrote about Bromley in an early unsigned article in the Pall Mall Gazette in which he expressed satisfaction that he had been born in an earlier, more rural Bromley.[57] A blue plaque marks Wells' birthplace in Market Square, on the wall of what is now a Primark store.[58] A marble plaque appears above the door of 8 South Street, the location of Mrs Knott's Dame school where "Bertie", as he was called as a child, learned to read and write.[59] H. G. Wells featured Bromley in two of his novels: The War in the Air (which refers to Bromley as Bunhill) and The New Machiavelli (in which Bromley is referred to as Bromstead).
However, H. G. Wells refused the offered freedom of the town, stating:
"Bromley has not been particularly gracious to me nor I to Bromley and I don't think I want to add the freedom of Bromley to the freedom of the City of London and the freedom of the City of Brussels – both of which I have."
He described Bromley in one of his novels as a "morbid sprawl of population".[60]
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This section needs additional citations for verification. (December 2023)
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Owen Chadwick was born in Bromley in 1916. He was awarded the Order of Merit, was Vice Chancellor of University of Cambridge, Master of Selwyn Cambridge, Regius Professor of Modern History, Dixie Professor of Ecclesiastical History, Chancellor of University of Anglia, President of the British Academy, and was a Rugby Union International.
Other writers from Bromley include Captain W.E. Johns (author of the Biggles adventures), David Nobbs (author of The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin and writer for Les Dawson and The Two Ronnies), and Enid Blyton who wrote children's fiction. A blue historical plaque can be found on the external wall of her former home on Shortlands Road, Bromley.
Other notable people who lived in Bromley include David Bowie; Raymond Raikes, radio producer director who produced Dick Barton special agent, the precursor to James Bond; Talbot Rothwell, screenwriter of twenty Carry On films; Justine Lord, actress; Peter Howitt; Richmal Crompton; Pixie Lott; Matt Terry; Christopher Tennant; Hanif Kureishi; Peter Frampton; Aleister Crowley; bassist Steven Severin of Siouxsie and the Banshees; Fatboy Slim; Jack Dee; Tom Allen; D. Bernard Amos; Rob Beckett; Alexander Molony;[61] Gary Rhodes; Pete Sears; singer Poly Styrene; Billy Idol; Brian Poole (of The Tremoloes); Josh Beech; Ruthie Henshall; Trevor Goddard, actor; Billy Jenkins; Alex Clare; cricketer Jill Cruwys;[62] the anarchist Peter Kropotkin;[63] the former Clash drummer Topper Headon; illustrator Charles Keeping, Formula 1 test driver Gary Paffett, IndyCar driver Mike Conway, children's writer Andrew Murray; tenor Roland Cunningham; actor Michael York, who attended Bromley Grammar School for Boys;[64] clarinetist Chris Craker; Don Perrin, Canadian author who attended Burnt Ash School in Bromley; and Sir Thomas James Harper, an officer decorated in the Crimean War. The musical conducting brothers Stephen and Nicholas Cleobury were born in Bromley. Actor Jerome Flynn, who starred in Game of Thrones as Bronn, was born in Bromley. Gus Lobban and Jamie Bulled of the band Kero Kero Bonito grew up in Bromley; their music video for the song 'You Know How It Is' features several local landmarks.
Deborah Linsley, the victim of one of Britain's most high-profile unsolved murders in 1988, grew up in Bromley.
Richard Reid, also known as the "Shoe Bomber", was born and lived in Bromley. He is notable as the suspect for the 2001 shoe bomb attempt.
In the 20th century, the Parish Church of St Peter and St Paul produced, in quick succession, three Church of England Bishops: Henry David Halsey – Bishop of Carlisle, Philip Goodrich – Bishop of Worcester, David Bartleet – Bishop of Tonbridge. Sculptor Nicholas Cornwell and Maisy James the Big Brother 12 housemate. Sometime before 1881 the engineer and industrialist Richard Porter moved to Beckenham where he remained until his death in 1913. Hanif Kureishi, the writer and filmmaker was born here, and spent a significant part of his youth, here.[6] His first novel The Buddha of Suburbia was loosely based on his life here and the people he lived and met here.[6]
Comedian Frankie Boyle claims to be a former resident and has described Bromley as a 'lobotomy made out of bricks'.[65] The comedian Chris Addison[66] currently lives in Bromley, as does tennis player Emma Raducanu.
Wolverhampton Wanderers manager and former midfielder Gary O'Neil, former Millwall F.C. midfielder Tim Cahill, and former Blackburn Rovers striker Jason Roberts lived in Bromley. English darts player Les Capewell was born in Bromley.
Scottish education secretary Michael Russell MSP was born and spent the early years of his life in Bromley.
Media related to Bromley (town) at Wikimedia Commons
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The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (November 2011)
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A dentist (seated) treating a patient with the help of an assistant (standing)
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| Competencies | Biomedical knowledge, surgical dexterity, critical thinking, analytical skills, professionalism, management skills, and communication |
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Education required
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A dentist, also known as a dental doctor, dental physician, dental surgeon, is a health care professional who specializes in dentistry, the branch of medicine focused on the teeth, gums, and mouth. The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services. The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and sometimes dental therapists.
In China as well as France, the first people to perform dentistry were barbers. They have been categorized into 2 distinct groups: guild of barbers and lay barbers. The first group, the Guild of Barbers, was created to distinguish more educated and qualified dental surgeons from lay barbers. Guild barbers were trained to do complex surgeries. The second group, the lay barbers, were qualified to perform regular hygienic services such as shaving and tooth extraction as well as basic surgery. However, in 1400, France made decrees prohibiting lay barbers from practicing all types of surgery. In Germany as well as France from 1530 to 1575 publications completely devoted to dentistry were being published. Ambroise Paré, often known as the Father of Surgery, published his own work about the proper maintenance and treatment of teeth. Ambroise Paré was a French barber surgeon who performed dental care for multiple French monarchs. He is often credited with having raised the status of barber surgeons.[1][2]
Pierre Fauchard of France is often referred to as the "father of modern dentistry" because in 1728 he was the first to publish a scientific textbook on the techniques and practices of dentistry.[3] Over time, trained dentists immigrated from Europe to the Americas to practice dentistry, and by 1760, America had its own native born practicing dentists. Newspapers were used at the time to advertise and promote dental services. In America from 1768 to 1770 the first application of dentistry to verify forensic cases was being pioneered; this was called forensic dentistry. With the rise of dentists, there was also the rise of new methods to improve the quality of dentistry. These new methods included the spinning wheel to rotate a drill and chairs made specifically for dental patients.[4]
In the 1840s, the world's first dental school and national dental organization were established. Along with the first dental school came the establishment of the Doctor of Dental Surgery degree, often referred to as a DDS degree. In response to the rise in new dentists as well as dentistry techniques, the first dental practice act was established to regulate dentistry. In the United States, the First Dental Practice Act required dentists to pass each specific state medical board exam in order to practice dentistry in that particular state. However, because the dental act was rarely enforced, some dentists did not obey the act. From 1846 to 1855, new dental techniques were being invented such as the use of ester anesthesia for surgery, and the cohesive gold foil method which enabled gold to be applied to a cavity. The American Dental Association was established in 1859 after a meeting with 26 dentists. Around 1867, the first university-associated dental school was established, Harvard Dental School. Lucy Hobbs Taylor was the first woman to earn a dental degree.
In the 1880s, tube toothpaste was created which replaced the original forms of powder or liquid toothpaste. New dental boards, such as the National Association of Dental Examiners, were created to establish standards and uniformity among dentists.[4] In 1887, the first dental laboratory was established; dental laboratories are used to create dentures and crowns that are specific to each patient.[5] In 1895, the dental X-ray was discovered by a German physicist, Wilhelm Röntgen.[6]
In the 20th century, new dental techniques and technology were invented such as the porcelain crowns (1903), Novocain (a local anesthetic) 1905, precision cast fillings (1907), nylon toothbrushes (1938), water fluoridation (1945), fluoride toothpaste (1950), air driven dental tools (1957), lasers (1960), electric toothbrushes (1960), and home tooth bleaching kits (1989) were invented. Inventions such as the air driven dental tools ushered in a new high-speed dentistry.[4][7]
By nature of their general training, a licensed dentist can carry out most dental treatments such as restorative (dental restorations, crowns, bridges), orthodontics (braces), prosthodontic (dentures, crown/bridge), endodontic (root canal) therapy, periodontal (gum) therapy, and oral surgery (extraction of teeth), as well as performing examinations, taking radiographs (x-rays) and diagnosis. Additionally, dentists can further engage in oral surgery procedures such as dental implant placement. Dentists can also prescribe medications such as antibiotics, fluorides, pain killers, local anesthetics, sedatives/hypnotics and any other medications that serve in the treatment of the various conditions that arise in the head and neck.
All DDS and DMD degree holders are legally qualified to perform a number of more complex procedures such as gingival grafts, bone grafting, sinus lifts, and implants, as well as a range of more invasive oral and maxillofacial surgery procedures, though many choose to pursue residencies or other post-doctoral education to augment their abilities. A few select procedures, such as the administration of General anesthesia, legally require postdoctoral training in the US. While many oral diseases are unique and self-limiting, poor conditions in the oral cavity can lead to poor general health and vice versa; notably, there is a significant link between periodontal, cardiovascular, and endocrine diseases.[8][9] Conditions in the oral cavity may also be indicative of other systemic diseases such as osteoporosis, diabetes, AIDS, and various blood diseases, including malignancies and lymphoma. Dentists can also prescribe medicines.[10]
Several studies have suggested that dentists and dental students are at high risk of burnout. During burnout, dentists experience exhaustion, alienate from work and perform less efficiently.[11][12] A systemic study identified risk factors associated with this condition such as practitioner's young age, personality type, gender, the status of education, high job strain, working hours, and the burden of clinical degrees requisites. The authors of this study concluded that intervention programs at an early stage during the undergraduate level may provide practitioners with a good strategy to prepare for and cope with this condition.[13]
Depending on the country, all dentists are required to register with their national or local health board, regulators, and professional indemnity insurance, in order to practice dentistry. In the UK, dentists are required to register with the General Dental Council. In Australia, it is the Dental Board of Australia, while in the United States, dentists are registered according to the individual state board. The main role of a dental regulator is to protect the public by ensuring only qualified dental practitioners are registered, handle any complaints or misconduct, and develop national guidelines and standards for dental practitioners to follow.[14]
For many countries, after satisfactory completion of post-graduate training, dental specialists are required to join a specialist board or list, in order to use the title 'specialist'.
In the US, dental specialties are recognized by the American Dental Association (ADA) or the American Board of Dental Specialties (ABDS)[15] Currently, the ADA lists twelve dental specialties, who are recognized by the National Commission on Recognition of Dental Specialties and Certifying Boards,[16] while the ABDS recognizes four dental specialty boards.[17]
List of Dental Specialties under the ADA:[16]
List of Dental Specialties under the ABDS:[17]
Specialists in these fields are designated "registrable" (in the United States, "board eligible") and warrant exclusive titles such as dentist anesthesiologist, orthodontist, oral and maxillofacial surgeon, endodontist, pediatric dentist, periodontist, or prosthodontist upon satisfying certain local accreditation requirements (U.S., "Board Certified")
In the UK, the specialties are recognized by the General Dental Council (GDC). Currently the GDC lists 13 different dental specialties:[19]
European Union legislation recognizes two dental specialties: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (A degree in dentistry and medicine being compulsory)[20] and Orthodontics.[citation needed]
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Yes, we offer orthodontic treatments, including traditional braces and clear aligners, to help straighten teeth.
Yes, when performed by a qualified dental professional, teeth whitening is safe and effective.
Veneers are thin shells of porcelain or composite resin that are bonded to the front of your teeth to improve their appearance.
The dental implant procedure can take several months, as it typically involves multiple appointments for planning and healing.
Yes, we adhere to strict hygiene protocols and regulations to ensure the safety and cleanliness of our practice.
